矿产资源开发的地质环境效应与生态修复模式研究
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王贵冬
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铜陵市自然资源和规划局（林业局）郊区分局，安徽铜陵，244011
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摘要：矿产资源开发在推动经济发展的同时，也对地质环境和生态系统造成了显著影响。大规模开采导致地貌破坏、水土流失、地下水系统紊乱及地质灾害频发，进而引发植被退化、生物多样性丧失和生态服务功能下降等问题。为应对日益严峻的生态压力，亟需探索科学、高效的修复路径。当前主要修复模式包括工程修复、自然恢复、土地复垦及“生态+产业”融合发展，不同区域根据自身条件逐步建立了差异化、适应性强的治理策略。在政策、技术和管理的综合推动下，矿区生态修复呈现出系统化与多元化趋势。本研究聚焦矿产开发的典型地质环境效应，分析主要生态修复模式，为资源开发与生态保护协同发展提供理论支撑与实践参考。
关健词：矿产资源开发；地质环境效应；生态破坏；生态修复；可持续利用
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Research on Geological Environmental Effects and Ecological Restoration Models of Mineral Resource Development
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Guidong Wang
Tongling Natural Resources and Planning Bureau (Forestry Bureau) Sub-bureau of Jiao District，Tongling, Anhui 244011, China
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Abstract: While mineral resource development drives economic growth, it also exerts significant impacts on the geological environment and ecosystems. Large-scale mining operations lead to landscape disruption, soil erosion, disturbances in groundwater systems, and frequent geological disasters, which in turn trigger vegetation degradation, loss of biodiversity, and a decline in ecosystem service functions. To address the increasingly severe ecological pressures, there is an urgent need to explore scientific and efficient restoration pathways. The current primary restoration models include engineering restoration, natural regeneration, land reclamation, and the integrated development of "ecology + industry." Different regions have gradually established differentiated and adaptive governance strategies based on their specific conditions. Driven by a combination of policies, technologies, and management approaches, ecological restoration in mining areas exhibits a trend toward systematization and diversification. This study focuses on the typical geological environmental effects of mineral development and analyzes the main ecological restoration models, providing theoretical support and practical references for the coordinated development of resource exploitation and ecological protection.
Keywords : mineral resource development; geological environmental effects; ecological damage; ecological restoration;sustainable utilization
参考文献
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