新型复合材料在建筑结构中的创新应用
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尤一帆，张思奥，赖涵
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四川矿产机电技师学院，四川成都，611200
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摘要：由于建筑领域对高性能、耐久性以及智能化结构的要求越来越高，新型复合材料在建筑结构的应用越来越广泛。本文主要研究了纤维增强复合材料（FRP）、水泥基高延展复合材料（ECC）以及其他一些高性能复合材料的优点，如轻质高强、耐腐蚀、耐疲劳、延展性好以及可设计性高等优点。并将它们应用于桥梁加固、高层建筑外墙及楼板、大跨度屋盖和抗震建筑等，将其作为结构加固、新建结构、功能构件及智能建筑的一种可靠结构材料来考虑。新型复合材料不仅提高了结构的承载能力和耐久性，还缩短了工期、实现了多功能一体化和结构健康监测，并提供给绿色、智慧建筑技术基础，然而存在造价高、施工技术及标准规范等问题，需研发更多高性能材料、创新性施工技术并完善现有标准体系，推进工程建设方式的转型升级。
关健词：新型复合材料；建筑结构；FRP；ECC；结构加固；智能建筑
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Innovative Applications of Novel Composite Materials in Building Structures
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Yifan You,Siao Zhang,Han Lai
Sichuan Mineral Resources Electromechanical Technician College, 611200, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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Abstract：With the increasing demand for high-performance, durable, and intelligent structures in the construction field, the application of novel composite materials in building structures has become increasingly widespread. This paper focuses on the advantages of fiber-reinforced composites (FRP), cement-based high-ductility composites (ECC), and other high-performance composite materials, such as light weight, high strength, corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance, excellent ductility, and high design flexibility. These materials are applied in bridge reinforcement, high-rise building fa?ades and floor slabs, large-span roofs, and seismic-resistant structures, serving as reliable structural materials for structural reinforcement, new constructions, functional components, and intelligent buildings. Novel composite materials not only enhance structural load-bearing capacity and durability but also shorten construction periods, enable multifunctional integration, and support structural health monitoring, providing a technical foundation for green and smart buildings. However, challenges such as high costs, complex construction techniques, and incomplete standards remain. Therefore, further development of high-performance materials, innovative construction technologies, and the improvement of existing standard systems are required to promote the transformation and upgrading of construction methods.
Keywords : Novel Composite Materials; Building Structures; Structural Reinforcement; Intelligent Buildings
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